The current study aimed to optimize artificial insemination in aged broiler breeder hens in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of (two) different diluted semen temperatures (5 and 25 °C) of Hubbard rooster (40 roosters, 58 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and sperm penetration (SP) RATE in the perivitelline layer of Hubbard hen (180 hens) were investigated. In the second experiment, three (different) sperm concentrations (100 (C100), 200 (C200), and 400 (C400) million sperm in 0.25 mL per hen) of Hubbard roosters (40 roosters, 62 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and SP RATE of Hubbard broiler breeder hens (270 hens) were explored. In the first experiment, the results showed that the temperature of 5 °C of diluted semen compared to the 25 °C, increased percentage of hatchability of set eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, and SP and decreased early embryonic mortality. The results of the second experiment showed the highest percentage of fertility and SP RATE were observed at treatment C400. Also, in this experiment that highest percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertile eggs and lowest early embryonic mortality were observed at treatment C400. Return on investment (ROI) of the treatments C200 and C400 was approximately 2.9 and 1.4, respectively. In overall, the results of this study showed that (in attention to ROI and hatchability) to optimize artificial insemination of aged broiler breeder hens we can use a sperm concentration of 200 to 400 million in 0.25 mL per hens at 5 °C.

Evaluating the cutting RATE (CR) of stones is important in the cost estimation and the planning of the stone processing plants. This research used regression models to estimate the stones’ CR based on their physico-mechanical characteristics. Stone processing factories in Mahallat City (Markazi province, Iran) were visited, and the CR of diamond circular saws was recorded on six different travertine stones. Next, the stone block samples were collected from the quarries for laboratory tests. Stones’ porosity (n), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Schmidt hammer hardness (SH) were determined in the laboratory as their physico-mechanical characteristics. Correlation relationships of CR with physico-mechanical characteristics were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analyses, and estimator models were developed. Results showed that multiple regression models are more reliable than simple regression for estimating the stones’ CR. The validity of the developed multiple regression models was verified with the published data of one researcher. The findings indicated that these models are accuRATE enough for estimating the CR of stones. Consequently, the multiple regression models provide practical advantages for estimating the CR and save time and cost during the planning and design of the stone processing factories.

In today's world a stable development of a nation that is heast harmful to natural resources and the environment is rare and is therefore of great significance all nations are attempting to establish firm foundations that will not only endure the passage of time but also become stronger day by day resulting in the progress and improvement of the society of mankind, In general to achieve such a goal, undoubtedly, it calls for strict alternation to natural resources and appropriate utilization of these resources. The present study investigates the management of natural resources in the plains of Bashabad, yazd province, in order to achieve correct scientific methods techniques that are helpful in decreasing WATER consumption and increasing the efficiency of WATER. Results of this study show that the only source of WATER consumption in the region is the underground WATER which at present has led to a full in the Hydrological level in the area due to over consumption, in such a way witnesses annually a 30cm decrease in the underground WATER level. In order to secure a balance between the decrease in the WATER level and WATER consumption we can apply legal measures and achieve a financial aspect by an increase in the cost of WATER consumed. In addition by executing proper policies for determining the costs we can achieve a stability by changing the pattern of farming (irrigation) because farmers are the significant consumers of WATER. Despite all kinds of limitations already in the area the amount of WATER consumption and the efficiency may be helpful in the efficient consumption of WATER and in return can be helpful in the delay of the crises in WATER shortage in the region which has become a threat.

Background: Rafsanjan -Noogh- Anar's plain (54°,52'- 56°, 34' longitudinally & 29°,51'- 31°, 31' latitudinally) is one of the Iran's plains located in sub- basin of Daranjir desert. Anar's plain is located at the lowest part of Rafsanjan -Noogh- Anar's plain. According to the geological and field studies of the area, the presence of west and east mounts and deposits resulting from evaporation in lower parts of the area are indicative of boron contamination of Anar underground WATER. Methods: In the present study, 50 deep wells covering Anar plain were selected based on statistical methods. Boron concentration in each well was measured by Azomethine- H method in the middle of each season, from 2003 to 2007. Results: Comparing the obtained boron concentrations with WHO guidelines, Anar underground WATER is not safe for drinking (mean= 8.88 mg/L). In major part of the plain, the quality of WATER is not suitable for the growth of plants that are sensitive and unresisting to boron. Only in 17.1% of the samples boron concentration was between 0.7-3 mg/L that based on the guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization is suitable for some types of plants. Field studies about the area flora confirm the obtained results too. Changes in the quality of underground WATER during the years of study, showed a worsening process over time. Conclusion: To solve the problem, mixing of the WATER of low boron wells with high boron wells is recommended.

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen and WATER withholding in vegetative growth stage of corn on efficacy of nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. The first factor contained four treatments including application of nicosulfuron, 2,4-D+ MCPA, weed free and weed infested as control. The second factor consisted of normal irrigation and WATER withholding from 4 to 8 leaf stage. Third factor contained either urea application or no fertilizer application. Normal irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA efficacy in weed control and total weed dry weight decreased to 341 and 361 g.m-2 respectively compared 1370 g.m-2 as weed infested. Nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA reduced weed total dry weight significantly under irrigation withholding. Grain yield increased with application of nitrogen and nicosulfuron. Grain yield was higher with application of 2,4-D+ MCPA than nicosulfuron without nitrogen application under irrigation withholding. Application of nicosulfuron with nitrogen application provided satisfactory weed control and increased grain yield.

To investigate the effects of WATER deficit stress and bio and non-bio fertilizers on Thymus Vulgaris, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in Asgarya agricultural field in Yazd. The treatments included WATER tension: W1=7 (Control), W2=12 and W3=17 days irrigation intervals as the main factor and bio and non - bio fertilizers at five levels including B1= control (without fertilizer), B2= endo mycorrhiza (Glomus), B3= Azospirillum bacteria, B4= Pseudomonas bacteria and B5= chemical fertilizer (NPK) a sub – factors. Results showed that the highest flowering branches yield, a, b, and total chlorophylls and nitrogen and phosphorus elements were observed in 17 days of irrigation (W3). 12 days of irrigation treatment (W2) showed the highest potassium element RATE. The highest a, b and chlorophylls and nitrogen were observed in Azospirillum treatment (B3). The highest total chlorophyll, phosphorus element, carotenoids and flavonoids were observed in Pseudomonas treatment (B4); the highest potassium element RATE were obtained in mycorrhiza treatment (B2); the highest flowering branches yield were observed in NPK treatment (B5) and control (B1) treatment resulted in the highest anthocyanin

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.WATER deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild WATER deficit stress), 60 (modeRATE WATER deficit stress) and 80% (severe WATER deficit stress) of WATER used (available WATER)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild WATER deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in modeRATE WATER deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe WATER deficit stress condition (19.72%) and modeRATE WATER deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of WATER soluble carbohydRATE and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in modeRATE WATER deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe WATER deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild WATER deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild WATER deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

According to the diversity of climate condition, each of country regions has comparative advantage in production of some crops. So main goal of current study is identification of comparative advantage for cultivated crops in Razavi Khorasan province and each its counties by emphasizing WATER. For this purpose, three indicators (DRC, SCB, and NSP), shadow price of inputs and crops are used. Required information and data are extracted of a project, agricultural Jahad comprehensive questionnaire, WATER department, and FAO and Comtrade sites. Therefore, county and crop priorities are made.According to results of DRC and SCB, the most comparative advantage was for non WATER crops whereas according to NSP, the most comparative advantage was for WATER crops in Razavi Khorasan province.

Brick is the most widely used construction material. Demolition of buildings and production of construction waste, including clay brick, are dramatically increasing in an alarming RATE. The production of traditional bricks such as clay bricks has hazardous impacts on the environment, such as pollution and extensive use of natural resources. This study addressed the application of the geo-polymerization process as an environmental and sustainable method to produce new bricks from clay brick waste and different types of fillers. Accordingly, the powder and grains of clay brick waste, dune sand, washed sand, industrial sodium hydroxide, and WATER glass were utilized to prepare cubic and brick-shaped geopolymer samples with different mix designs and then cured at 70 °C. The samples' compressive strength, WATER absorption and SEM analysis were examined. According to the results, the highest compressive strength for cubic mortar samples was obtained in the case without filler; for these samples, with mass ratios of WATER glass to sodium hydroxide solution equal to 1 and 2, compressive strength was 18.45 and 22.15 MPa, respectively. In the brick samples, the highest compressive strength was obtained in the 28-day and 8 M geopolymer samples, which was equal to 25.38 MPa. On the other hand, the geopolymer samples made by sand filler had higher compressive strength and lower WATER absorption in comparison to other samples. Therefore, sustainable production of geopolymer bricks from clay brick waste and inexpensive materials as the filler can be a step toward mitigating the environmental impact of construction and demolition waste.

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate time variation in the MARGINAL value and MARGINAL RATE of Firms' Cash Holdings in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study period is between 1388 and 1392 and the statistical sample of the study is 101 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). We use Panel- Data Regression and EGLS method to estimate the model parameters. The results of this study reveal that MARGINAL value of cash is less than its face value and MARGINAL RATE of cash holding is a decreasing RATE. Finally, the findings show that MARGINAL value of cash varies over time.